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Because they did not like being ruled and lived in the new Ephesus that is located around the area of Artemision. Since the detailed excavations have not as yet been completed, apart from the Artemision, the remains of that age haven’t been revealed. Later, Ephesus was dominated by Persians. As Ephesians did not join the "Ionian Rebellion" against Persians, the city was saved from destruction. The rebellion resulted in the loss of Persian.

Alexander the Great won Persians and the Ionian cities got their independence in the year of 334. Ephesus was in great prosperity during the times of Alexander the Great. Until the arrival of Alexander the Great, Ephesus consisted of two governing systems, democratic and oligarchic. But the oligarchic system was violated with the coming of a new ruler, and a rebellion existed in Ephesus. The Temple of Artemision was burnt and destroyed by the supporters of oligarchy in 356BC. As the temple became unusable, Alexander the Great proposed to repair it. . But the Ephesians delicately refused for the reason that "A God can not build a temple for a God." An Ephesian architect, Dinocrates restored the The Temple of Artemision .

After the death of Alexander the Great, Ephesus was ruled by the general, Lysimakhos, in 287 BC. Lysimakhos decided to change the prior location of Ephesus to further west, due to the destruction of the port by... the alluviums, and the inhabitants were forced to settle in the new place named "Arsinoeina", the name of Lysimakhos’ wife. The city was surrounded by wide stone walls 10 meters in height and 9 meters in length. With the death of Lysimakhos, Ephesians destroyed most of the city walls. And, "Arsinoeina" was changed into "Ephesus" again.. Ephesus was controlled by the Romans in 190 BC. The city was given to the Bergamian kings for a time.

With the death of King Attalos 3 in 133BC, the city was re-ruled by the Romans. Ephesus reached to its height and was notorious for its wealth and luxury between 1-4 AD., especially during the reign of Augustus. During the period, the population of Ephesus increased to 225 000, and the city became the capital of the new Asia. By claiming the river Caystros from the alluviums, the great trade port of Ephesus, a gateway to foreign countries, enriched the prosperity of the city and continued to thrive with commerce and culture. The city was constructed, adding new models to the former magnificence of Ephesus.

Ephesus became a state of Seljukian in the year of 1090, for a time was held by Byzantine. In 1307 Seljukians controlled the city again. However, years later, the River Caystros was silted up, leaving the site far inland. Therefore, the city of Ephesus has lost its significance, due to the development of the ports of Izmir and Kusadasi in sea-trade.

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