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The
site of ancient Hierapolis, called Pamukkale (literally Cotton Castle)
today because of its formations of white travertine, is located 22 km
from Denizli. The cotton-white plateau formed by the calcium-bearing
waters is fascinating in its beauty. Hot water rising from underground
in four springs starts out at a temperature of 35º C and is saturated
with calcium salts and carbon dioxide. As the water cools, these salts
precipitate and form the travertine layers. The water flows down onto
the plateau from the springs on the Mountainside through natural and
man-made channels. Afterwards, they follow the natural contours of the
terrain off the high plateau to a lower elevation. Because this process
has been going on for millennia, the water has caused the formation
of steps as it descends. Each one has the appearance of a miniature
waterfall and behind it lies a small pool. Stalactites have also been
formed by the calcinations of water overflowing the pools' basins.
In the course of its long history, this site has been crowded with those seeking remedy, beauty, and health from its waters. It is popularly believed that the waters of Pamukkale are beneficial for heart, circulatory, nerve, kidney, rheumatic, and paralytic disorders and that they condition the skin. Use has even been made of this water in the dyeing of woolen and cotton fabrics: the salts it contains are effective mordents. |
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